Chapter 2: Development themes

Tutorial 2 (wednesday 1000pm)

1.Why the concern of DA in 1960s focusing on political modernization.
Political modernization: Process of changes, improvement & upgrading of the current system of politic. This process is essential to enlarge people awareness in participation in the politic. Example: The rulers (elite group) study abroad (Britain) & bring back all the skills as well as knowledge to be applied in our system. As the result, those applied things do not fit well since there are clear diversities in terms of cultural, background & belief. This is the time where political modernization takes place in ensuring political stability.

2.How can u evaluate the political situation in Malaysia during 1960s especially in terms of people participation in politics.
The political situation in MSIA (1960s) is more stable as the effects of political modernization. Since the changes & improvements in the political system, there are many opportunities for the people to involve in the politic. This involvement could then facilitate the development of our own culture.

3.Define urbanization and explain the impact in relation to DA.
Urbanization: physical growth of rural (natural land) into urban areas as the result of population in-migration to an existing urban area. Urbanization attributed to growth of cities and it is related to movement of people from rural to urban areas with population growth. Different forms or urbanization can be classified depending on the style of architecture and planning methods as well as historic growth or that area. Example: quality of human life, advances in technology, diversity of people & cultural opportunities abundant.
Positive impact: change in density and administration services. The change in density refers to the number of people in that areas while the administration services are totally referring the services provided by the government. There would be more hospitals, schools, water supply, electricity and indoor stadium available according to the density of the areas.
Negative impact: increasing number of illegal squatters. The existence of illegal squatters occurred when there is more demand for residential houses rather than supply. Furthermore, some of them are unable to buy house as the reason of insufficient money. Thus, this later will result in social, environment & health problem for Local Authorities in order to develop our country.

4.How far the existence of civic society may increase the Government competency.
Civic society: Non profitable organization and functioning as to assist government & to provide help and services to public. Example: SUHAKAM. It’s function as to receive report from the public.The government competency can be shown without existence of this civic society. As what we know, the existence of SUHAKAM & MAKNA is to give advice and assist government in administration job. Therefore, it does not mean that they are capable in replacing the government function. The establishment of the government department showed the competency of the government for handling specific functions outlined by the government itself.

5.“To privatize or not to privatize”. Discuss.
Privatization: transfer of government equities into the private sector. Private sector often specializing & gain great knowledge about certain industrial sector. They can evaluate & rewards punish their own management in such fewer enterprise more effectively. As the consequence, the effectiveness of these private bodies can lower down the burden of the government.Example: Government trust PETRONAS to handle matters related to petroleum. However, they should give ½ from their profit to the government.

6.Which of these aspects (eco, soc & pol) should be given more emphasis right now and why.
From those 3 aspects, the most important aspects that should be given emphasis are social & economic. Currently, both of these aspects are interrelated. Social development changes from difficulty in obtaining food to easily obtaining food, cloth & shelter. In social developing, there are certain basic needs that should be completed such as health, education, clean water supply, electricity and transportation. Obviously, social is the essential in development since it can alter a poor, narrow & inadequate lifestyle to situation of greater comfort, convenience & security.
In addition, economic has straight linkage with social. Economic development always tied to the changes in income. When there is increase in the national income or monthly income of the public it shows that economic is developing. If the economic development increases, the authorities can use the nation’s money to provide basic facilities; hospital, schools, roads & electricity that can support & expand the aspect of social development.

7.In ur opinion, what would be the appropriate theme in illustrating the current development situation in Malaysia & justify it.
The appropriate theme in illustrating the current situation in Malaysia is the expansion of scope of development is economic on education & agriculture. At the current time, agriculture production & export keep increasing. However, the problem faced is limited labor & lack of expertise in technology. It is hope that the agriculture sectors can aligned with the rapid economic changes either within or outside the country. Furthermore, agriculture sector was transform into one that is more modern, commercialized & sustainable in order to increase the country’s export commodities.
At the present also, education was given priority in national development in order to prepare an educated, skillful & highly motivated workforce as well as to produce people who are responsible, united, disciplined & capable of building their own security which contributes to national prosperity. Nowadays, education takes into account the needs for formation of national identity & unity. Therefore society is encouraged to pursue education faithfully with determination was to be able to develop the country & to clear all negative symptoms.

8.Analayze the impact of securing foreign aid to the development of the country. How far do u think the govt should comply with the rules put by the borrower and y u say so.
Foreign aid: transfer of capital, goods & services form one country to another country (technical assistance or training for either civilian or military purposes). Impact: by securing foreign aid, the country can build strong relationship. Consequently, there will be more opportunities to obtain foreign aid from another country. This can also build good image & can attract other country to cooperate together.
Yes, the government should comply with the rules set by the borrower as long as they can consider the government capabilities. Prior to the negotiation, government should briefly the agreement in details (condition, rules & prohibition). Example: Malaysian Truck & Buses (MTB). This company almost turns down. However, when the Japanese take over the company, they bring changes to the company and thus the company stands again but with the new admin system under the Japan’s rules.